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Marijuana Withdrawal Symptoms, Detox, and Addiction Treatment Programs
Marijuana (cannabis, weed, grass, hashish) is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an estimated 8.4% of all Americans over the age of 12 (22.2 million people) had used ...
... users from the negative side effects of the drug. In ... Long Do Weed Withdrawal Symptoms Last? Marijuana withdrawal may last longer than that of most other drugs because the main chemical that produces marijuana's effects ... continue reading -
Marijuana Addiction Treatment Centers and Rehab Programs
Benefits of Rehab for Weed Addiction Marijuana addiction—otherwise known as marijuana use disorder—is estimated to occur in 10-30% of individuals who misuse marijuana. 1 Marijuana addiction has the potential to take a serious toll on a person's ...
... longer in control and use it in harmful or hazardous ways. 5 When a person continues to use marijuana despite the negative effects ... or cannabis use disorder (the diagnostic terms for weed addiction ) can be treated using ... continue reading -
Hash Side Effects, Symptoms of Abuse, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Hashish? Hashish is a product extracted from the trichomes (fine hair-like outgrowths) of the cannabis plant, as well as from the flowers and fragments of leaves and stems. Hashish is typically sold in blocks of solid resinous preparations, ...
... much quicker effects occurring when it is smoked. What Is the Difference Between Hash and Weed? Hashish ... . Hallucinations. Learn more about the effects of hashish use . Long-Term Effects of Hash Abuse Using hash over ... continue reading -
Weed Gets a “Fancy” New Name: Craft Cannabis
We've become a country consumed with what goes into our food products. While many want organic foods, others want gluten-free meals and non-GMO practices. It looks like this trend has expanded to include drug use. The latest trend in marijuana is ...
... expanded to include drug use. The latest trend in marijuana is “craft cannabis.” Like craft beer, this weed is considered an artisan product, carefully cultivated for those with a finer “taste.” Small shops are growing ... continue reading -
Now the Family Dog is Smoking Weed?
Would you ever give pot to your pooch? Most of us likely think this idea is, well, barking mad, but a new bill out of Nevada could soon make medical marijuana for pets a reality. Animals and Weed Democratic Sen. Tick Segerblom is sponsoring the bill ...
... medical marijuana for pets a reality. Animals and Weed Democratic Sen. Tick Segerblom is sponsoring the bill ... animals. Even Segerblom admitted that pot could have a negative effect on the animals, but said there's no way ... continue reading -
Effects of Smoking Marijuana While Pregnant and How to Quit Weed Smoking Weed
Effects of Marijuana on a Developing Fetus Although marijuana is one of the most widely used illicit drugs, there is limited data on the prevalence of marijuana use among pregnant women. One report estimated marijuana use during pregnancy to be ...
... of normal brain development, 9 the long-term effects of human intrauterine exposure to marijuana is ... use during pregnancy and lactation. 1 How to Stop Smoking Weed While Pregnant Every woman wants a healthy life for her ... continue reading -
Marijuana (Weed, Cannabis) Overdose Symptoms, Signs, & Treatment
Marijuana is a very popular drug—and a legal one in several states—yet many people don't realize that it still carries risks and the possibility of harm. Signs and Symptoms of Marijuana Overdose While rare, a marijuana overdose is still possible ...
... . Noticeable side effects of smoked marijuana may last for 1 to 3 hours, while the effects of marijuana consumed in food (known as edibles) or drink may last for several hours. How Can You Overdose on Weed? Polysubstance ... continue reading -
Shocking Report: Smoking Weed Can Damage Your DNA
Scientists are finding “convincing evidence” that marijuana can damage DNA and even cause certain forms of cancer. These revelations are more than alarming, considering that Alaska, Oregon, Colorado, Washington and the city of Washington, D.C. ...
... Smoking, Inhaling, Increased Quantity Plus, the nature of smoking marijuana is that the inhaled smoke is held longer in the lungs than cigarette smoke, the research team adds. With all things considered, the possibility ... continue reading -
Disguising Danger: 7 Marijuana Edibles Side Effects Shockers
Lots of the people who have tried marijuana have done so in the form of snacks like pot cookies or brownies. Since one of the effects of pot is an increased appetite, it's only natural that the “ganja-preneurs” are marketing more marijuana ...
... Several case reports involving kids who took edibles found that respiratory insufficiency can also be a major side effect in young children. They've Contributed to Tragedies Marijuana edibles have played a major role in ... continue reading -
7 Famous Stoners Who Got Sober
Throughout the years, tons of famous names have been connected with marijuana use. And while a number of celebs continue abusing weed, plenty of them have chosen to leave the drug behind. For some, having children and growing older served as ...
... to give up any of that.” 6. Cee Lo Green Cee Lo Green, a six-time Grammy award winner, only needed one bad weed encounter to make him swear off the drug for life. In November 2010, Green revealed that he had suffered a ... continue reading -
Drugs A-Z
What Is Acamprosate? Acamprosate is thought to help recovering alcoholics stay sober by balancing inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. Acamprosate may be combined with behavioral therapy to decrease a person's chances of relapse and ...
... 's quality of life. Learn about weed withdrawal symptoms and the side effects of weed use . What Is Meperidine? Meperidine ... metered oral spray. Learn about the long-term side effects of zolpidem use and treating zolpidem ... continue reading -
Common Street Names for Drugs
People actively misusing legal or illicit substances use slang terms for many reasons—ranging from avoiding detection by law enforcement to ensuring privacy in written and verbal communication. If you suspect that someone you love is misusing ...
... Many slang terms are derived from: The color, shape, or consistency of the drug. The effects the drug provides ... Boat Peace Pill Sherm Mixed with marijuana: Zombie Weed. Street Names for Psilocybin Psilocybin —Grown in ... continue reading -
Free Marijuana Hotline Number Guide
Call American Addiction Centers (AAC) free now at What Is Marijuana? Marijuana—also known as cannabis and weed—is seen by some as a relatively innocuous or low-risk drug. It contains delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol—more commonly known as ...
... With the risk of both short- and long-term effects from using marijuana, there are several hotlines that ... to start the recovery journey today, calling a weed addiction hotline will connect you with a caring navigator ... continue reading -
Drug Abuse and Cardiovascular Health Risks: How Do Drugs Affect the Heart?
What Are the Dangers of Drug Use? Both illicit and prescription drugs present many risks to individuals who misuse them. Drug abuse affects the brain in many ways that may lead to unpredictable, dangerous behaviors, social and emotional problems, ...
... , known commonly as a heart attack). Additionally, long-term abuse of stimulants can cause spasms of the heart ... weed, pot) to be a safe and harmless substance. However, marijuana use can have several dangerous side effects ... continue reading -
Police-Related Tweets
Public opinions on the topic of law enforcement and their controversial methods are sure to be as intense as they are wide ranging. To learn more, we gathered tweets about America's peace officers and analyzed them to investigate public sentiment ...
... have on law enforcement resources, as well as any effects it may have on the rates of use in the ... they protect innocent civilians all I see them bust people for weed and tiny bits of crack — Just Evan (@tallguyatlarge) May ... continue reading -
Addiction Self-Assessment Quizzes for Drugs and Alcohol
Use the following self-assessment quizzes to better understand common signs, symptoms, and behavioral changes related to substance misuse and addiction. The questions used in the following self-assessments are based on the diagnostic criteria ...
... a dissociative anesthetic that may have hallucinogenic effects. While this assessment does not replace a ... recreational drug also known as cannabis, pot, or weed. While this assessment does not replace a clinical diagnosis ... continue reading -
Marijuana Mouth: Worse Than Meth Mouth?
Kim is 38-years-old; she had been smoking weed since college. Her dentist could tell. Kim had a bad case of gingivitis. Her gums were swollen and red. Her long-term use of marijuana had wrecked her dental hygiene. If nothing changes, Kim's mouth ...
... weed since college. Her dentist could tell. Kim had a bad case of gingivitis. Her gums were swollen and red. Her long-term ... users often suffer from another common side effect: the munchies. With an insatiable urge ... continue reading -
30 Famous Athletes Who Have Battled Drug Addiction and Alcoholism
1. Michael Phelps Eight-time Olympic gold medalist swimmer Michael Phelps has not only plunged into the water, but also into drugs. In 2009, he lost his endorsement contract with Kellogg's after a photo emerged of him taking a hit of marijuana . 2. ...
... possession. 12. Jennifer Capriati Child tennis prodigy Jennifer Capriati made the mistake of shoplifting and smoking weed as a teenager and was arrested for marijuana possession. She has since made a comeback. 13 ... continue reading -
When Does Medical Marijuana Use Morph into Full-Blown Addiction?
In more US states, marijuana is becoming legalized and socially accepted as treatment for a range of illnesses. But, like many medicines, it can lead to misuse and dependence. So, how do you know where to draw the line? Relief Turns to Habit Joseph, ...
... Weed However, marijuana abuse is not without consequences. Heavy use can impair short-term memory, judgment, thinking and driving, and long-term ... health conditions with fewer side effects than some pharmaceutical drugs. ... continue reading -
Seized
In 2015, Border Patrol prevented more than 1.5 million pounds of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and meth from entering the United States. 1 In the same year, the Coast Guard intercepted 72 vessels and more than 150,000 pounds of drugs. 2 These ...
... Despite not neighboring Mexico, Idaho still suffers the effects of Mexican meth trafficking, being named as the ... cocaine availability will remain stable in the near-term, partly because of less costly methamphetamine, 14 ... continue reading -
Drugs on Mars and Venus
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus is one of the most iconic books of the '90s, having sold more than 50 million copies. Its core theory is that men and women often think and act in dramatically different ways because of fundamental differences ...
... grow their own marijuana: More than three times more men than women said they grew their most recent weed themselves. Let's look at where men and women get another group of drugs: illicit prescription psychotherapeutics ... continue reading -
7 Shocking Ways Drugs are Smuggled into Prisons
A Cincinnati woman and her incarcerated boyfriend are now facing criminal charges after she reportedly tried to smuggle a Bible laced with heroin into the prison. Tehani Teepe, 39, and Timothy King, 28, were charged with illegal conveyance of ...
... with 20 grams of pot is a totally different story. A woman attempted to use her infant to smuggle weed into a New Zealand prison in 2010, but the “sad and desperate” attempt was quickly thwarted. Coloring Book Back ... continue reading -
Effects of Alcohol Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
While alcohol is widely used in the United States, it can have an array of harmful effects. A 2019 survey reported that 85.6% of Americans aged 18 and over had consumed alcohol at some time in their life, nearly 70% of people had consumed alcohol ...
... BAC, the stronger the side effects of alcohol are. 7 Short-term side effects of alcohol can include: ... These can include: AUD: One of the major risks of long-term alcohol use is developing an AUD. 9 Cancer: Alcohol is ... continue reading -
The Effects of Dextroamphetamine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Dextroamphetamine? Dextroamphetamine is a prescription stimulant used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Dextroamphetamine is commonly found under the brand names Dexedrine and ProCentra, as ...
... experiencing side effects is increased when dextroamphetamine is taken in larger doses than prescribed, taken for long periods of time, taken without a prescription, or combined with other substances. Long-Term Effects ... continue reading -
Effects of Peyote Abuse: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Peyote Used For? Peyote (or mescaline) belongs to a class of drugs known as hallucinogens. Mescaline is the active hallucinogenic ingredient in peyote, which is a small, spineless cactus. 1 The top, or crown, of the peyote cactus has ...
... . Muscle weakness. Impaired motor skills and coordination. Loss of appetite. Nausea or vomiting. Sleep difficulties. The long-term effects of peyote use on the body are not well known and require more research. This drug ... continue reading -
Effects of Hashish Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Hashish? Hashish comes mainly from the flowers (as well as the leaves and stems) of the cannabis plant. The active ingredient in hash is the same as the active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, the ...
... in fear and behavioral inhibitions. Hash Side Effects The side effects of hashish are similar to those ... . An inability to make sound decisions. Long-Term Effects of Abusing Hashish Individuals who chronically use or ... continue reading -
Effects of Psilocybin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Is Psilocybin Harmful? Psilocybin is a naturally occurring fungal alkaloid—a chemical compound that is found in more than 100 species of mushrooms (also known as magic mushrooms or shrooms). 1 When ingested, psilocybin is metabolized into a ...
... reported to develop even after a single use of psilocybin, the risks of experiencing these adverse effects may be increased with long-term use: 1,2 Drug-induced psychosis, a condition in which a person's thoughts become ... continue reading -
Long-Term Side Effects of Zolpidem Abuse
What Is Zolpidem Used For? Zolpidem is a hypnotic, or sleep-promoting substance found in some prescription insomnia medications, including the sleeping pill Ambien. 1 As a sedative-hypnotic substance, zolpidem use can impart a sense of euphoria and ...
... Side Effects Ambien side effects range from mildly unpleasant to medically dangerous. Some common short-term side effects ... Dependence Ambien is intended for short-term use only, and long-term users run the risk of becoming ... continue reading -
Barbiturates Side Effects: Short-Term, Long-Term, and Addiction Treatment
What Are Barbiturates Used For? Barbiturates are members of a broad class of drugs called sedatives that have historically been prescribed for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. However, prolonged use at increasing doses may have ...
... barbiturates have side effect profiles. Chronic abuse of barbiturates can produce a number of adverse effects, such as ... due to respiratory suppression. Long-Term Effects of Barbiturates Long-term use and abuse of ... continue reading -
Effects of Desoxyn Abuse: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Desoxyn Used For? Desoxyn is a prescription drug that is indicated to treat two conditions: 1,2 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6 and older. Exogenous obesity (obesity due to overeating) in individuals 12 years ...
... . Stroke. Heart attack. Death. Long-Term Effects on the Brain Long-term Desoxyn use can affect the way the ... of the substance despite the risk of serious side effects. Decline in social functioning marked by isolation, ... continue reading -
The Effects of Adderall Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Adderall Used For? Adderall is a form of amphetamine prescribed for the treatment of: 1 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Narcolepsy. It is available in 2 forms : immediate release and extended release. 1 Both forms are ...
... . 3,4 Other potential side effects of Adderall use include: 4 Headaches. Dryness of the mouth. Difficulty sleeping. Tremors/twitching. Decreased inhibitions. Paranoia. Long-Term Effects Of Adderall Use Chronic abuse ... continue reading -
Effects of Benzodiazepine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Are Benzodiazepines Harmful? Benzodiazepines, or “benzos,” are drugs prescribed to help control anxiety and seizure disorders. They are central nervous depressants, which means that they slow brain activity. Taken in small doses over short ...
... the same levels of response over time. 2 Side Effects of Benzodiazepines Side effects can occur even when benzos are taken at ... such as assault or burglary. While these long-term effects do not occur in all users, they ... continue reading -
What Are Hallucinogens? Short- and Long-Term Side Effects and Treatment
Hallucinogens are drugs that alter the user's thinking processes and perception in a manner that leads to significant distortions of reality. 1 To many, the influence of these drugs represents experiences of new and even expanded consciousness and, ...
... side effects of DMT may include: 9 Hallucinations. Body and spatial distortions. Changes in awareness and perception. Increased heart rate and blood pressure. Agitation. Severe vomiting (due to ayahuasca tea). Long-term ... continue reading -
Effects of Hydromorphone Abuse: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Hydromorphone Used For? Hydromorphone (brand names: Dilaudid, Exalgo) is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid painkiller used in both hospital settings and as part of a long-term treatment regimen for significant pain in opioid-tolerant ...
... Long-Term Effects of Hydromorphone Abuse The continued use and abuse of hydromorphone can culminate in a higher number of more intense side effects ... Arguably, the most damaging long-term effect of hydromorphone abuse is ... continue reading -
Effects of Flakka Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Is Flakka Harmful? Flakka is a street drug with origins in South Florida. One of the newer chemicals in the booming category of synthetic or designer drugs, Flakka is typically made from a synthetic version of an amphetamine-like stimulant in the ...
... of Flakka can rival those of some of the strongest crystal meth and cocaine . Long-Term Effects of Flakka Use Long-term effects of Flakka use are not yet published. Flakka is one of the more recent synthetic drugs ... continue reading -
Effects of Spice Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Is Spice Harmful? “Spice” (synthetic marijuana) has grown in popularity in recent years. Synthetic marijuana is sold under a variety of names other than “Spice,” including: K2. Skunk. Moon rocks. Potpourri. Substances like Spice and ...
... not natural and can have a number of dangerous side effects . It can also be addictive and it can ... . Panic attacks. Aggression. Long-Term Effects of Spice Use The long-term effects of Spice use are largely unknown ... continue reading -
Effects of Ultram Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Ultram (trade name: tramadol ) is an opiate analgesic typically prescribed for pain that is moderate to moderately severe. When introduced, it was regarded as having a very low potential for addiction; however, its incidence of abuse and dependency ...
... negative side effects that include: Nausea and vomiting. Shallow breathing. Constipation. Convulsions Hyperthermia. Muscle pain and rigidity. Dizziness. Seizures. Long-Term Effects of Ultram Use The long-term effects of ... continue reading -
The Effects of Ritalin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Ritalin Used For? Ritalin (generic name: methylphenidate) is a stimulant prescribed to reduce the effects of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is also sometimes prescribed for the ...
... enhancer that users may bet on. Ritalin Side Effects The severity of Ritalin's effects will depend on how the drug is administered ... blood pressure. Long-Term Effects of Ritalin Use The long-term effects of methylphenidate ... continue reading -
Effects of Phenobarbital Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Phenobarbital Used For? Phenobarbital, marketed under the trade names Luminal and Solfoton, is a barbiturate that is typically prescribed for patients suffering from seizures, tics or repetitive motor disorders, and Tourette's syndrome. It ...
... pre-existing depressive episodes and thoughts of suicide in some users. Long-Term Side Effects of Phenobarbital Abuse As for the adverse long-term effects of phenobarbital abuse, addiction as a whole can ultimately be ... continue reading -
The Effects of Dilaudid Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects and Treatment
Dilaudid Uses Dilaudid (hydromorphone) is an opioid analgesic prescribed to relieve pain. It is available in hospital settings as an injectable solution, or it may be prescribed in either an oral solution or tablet form. Its use is frequently ...
... Side Effects Using Dilaudid, even on a short-term basis, can result in many side effects. The most common side effects ... life. Some of the many recognized long-term effects of abusing Dilaudid include: Infections and ... continue reading -
Effects of Bath Salts Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Are Bath Salts Harmful? The term “bath salts” refers to a family of designer recreational drugs that contain one or more synthetic chemicals related to cathinone —a stimulant found in the khat plant with effects similar to those of amphetamine ...
... overlapping addiction profiles for bath salts and other stimulants. Long-Term Effects of Bath Salts Use The long-term effects of bath salts include many serious side effects that can result in serious injury or death. In ... continue reading -
The Effects of Vicodin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Vicodin Used For? Vicodin is an prescription painkiller medication that is comprised of two substances: Hydrocodone . Acetaminophen . Hydrocodone is an opiate drug that works as a pain reliever and is useful in managing multiple levels of ...
... mixed with alcohol or other intoxicating substances. Long-Term Effects of Vicodin Use Long-term Vicodin use has the ability to make people overlook its negative side effects while only focusing on the observed positive ... continue reading -
Effects of Crystal Meth Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Methamphetamine Used For? Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that can have long-lasting effects on the body. This is a man-made substance that—with the advent of other more efficacious prescription stimulants—now has limited ...
... meth to experience a specific set of stimulant side effects . This includes the decrease in appetite, increased ... Methamphetamine assessment Test Long-Term Effects of Crystal Meth Use When taken over a long period of time, ... continue reading -
Effects of Stimulant Drugs: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Are Stimulants Used For? Stimulants are a class of substances that increase certain types of cell signaling and amplify various physiologic processes throughout the brain and body. In particular, many types of stimulant drugs are associated ...
... slightly different in its specific effects, all stimulant drugs share a set of side effects that can wreak havoc on ... If the prospect of incurring the above long-term health effects isn't already bad enough, a chronic ... continue reading -
Kratom Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Kratom? Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) is a tree-like plant from Southeast Asia that belongs to the same family of plants as coffee and gardenias. Kratom has been used as an herbal remedy in Thailand and neighboring countries for hundreds of ...
... Judging by research done on chronic, high-dose kratom users in Thailand, there are several unusual long-term side effects of kratom abuse, such as: Hyperpigmentation, or darkening of the facial skin. Anorexia and weight ... continue reading -
Effects of Methoxetamine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment
Is MXE Harmful? MXE, also known as methoxetamine, is a substance with similar chemical properties to ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) , two illicit drugs known for their hallucinogenic and dissociative properties. 1 MXE is an odorless, white powder ...
... —a condition that can be fatal. Additionally, long-term MXE use can have mounting negative effects on the body. MXE Side Effects In addition to the intoxicating short-term effects sought by users, MXE can also produce ... continue reading -
Effects of Cocaine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment Programs
Cocaine is a Schedule II illegal stimulant drug that is highly addictive. It is often used recreationally, and there is a range of dangers associated with the use of cocaine. This page will talk about: What cocaine is and how it is used. Cocaine's ...
... aren't working and increasing the risk of overdose or organ damage. 2,6 Long-Term Effects of Cocaine Use Long-term side effects of cocaine can be wide-ranging and harmful, impacting physical and mental health in ... continue reading -
Understanding the Effects of Long Term Drug Abuse on the Brain
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease, and it can cause you to compulsively seek out drugs even though you're aware of the harmful results taking them can cause. Initially, your choice to take drugs is voluntary. So, if someone offers you drugs, ...
... referred to as a tolerance, and the danger and effects of drug abuse that leads many addicts to hospitalization ... same feeling as the first time. The brain undergoes long-term changes during drug abuse . If the brain has ... continue reading -
Flakka Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Flakka? Flakka is a relatively new synthetic designer drug that is gaining in popularity, particularly in Florida, Texas, and Ohio. This man-made stimulant is also commonly referred to as “gravel” on the street due to its white, ...
... to unintentional injury and various forms of trauma that may be severe. Side Effects of Flakka Use Additional adverse side effects of synthetic cathinones like Flakka include: Changes in heart rate. Hypertension. Heart ... continue reading -
What Does Acid Do to You? Short-Term, Long-Term, and Side Effects of Acid (LSD)
What Is LSD (Acid)? D-lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD or “acid,” is a hallucinogenic drug made from lysergic acid, a natural chemical found in a fungus that grows on rye called Claviceps purpurea . LSD was first created in 1938 ...
... negative effect on other aspects of a user's life. The distressing effects of a bad trip normally ease when the drug wears off. However, they can persist for weeks or months in some users. 2 These long-term side effects ... continue reading -
Crystal Meth Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Crystal Meth Used For? Crystal methamphetamine (crystal meth) is a powerful central nervous stimulant with highly addictive properties . Crystal meth is the illicit, crystalline form of methamphetamine. Legally manufactured methamphetamine ...
... Stroke. Death. Other potential long-term health effects of crystal meth abuse include: ... medications to alleviate the discomfort of crystal meth side effects and withdrawal: Hyperactivity, agitation, or psychotic features ... continue reading -
Side Effects of Klonopin Use, Overdose and Addiction Treatment
Klonopin —known commonly by its generic name clonazepam —is a prescription drug commonly prescribed to manage panic, anxiety and seizure disorders. Klonopin belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs—a broad group of central nervous system ...
... seek emergency assistance immediately. Klonopin's Long-Term Effects As use of Klonopin continues, the ... order to experience the drug's intended effects. Tolerance is a natural effect of continued use of medication; however, ... continue reading -
Phenobarbital Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Phenobarbital Used For? Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that depresses the central nervous system . It is used as a sedative-hypnotic often prescribed for the treatment of seizures. Additional uses for this drug include the treatment of ...
... excess. Phenobarbital Side Effects In addition to the physical adverse side effects mentioned above, abuse ... an illicit basis by teens because they can produce a similar effect to that of alcohol , which can as last for up ... continue reading -
Librium Abuse Side Effects, Withdrawal, and Addiction Treatment
Librium—which is the brand name for chlordiazepoxide—is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of controlled substances called benzodiazepines. It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, meaning it slows down brain activity. ...
... such as alcohol or opioids, to create a stronger effect. Misusing or abusing Librium can decrease its efficacy, ... subject to a host of potentially dangerous psychological side effects , such as: 5,6 Impaired memory. ... continue reading -
Xanax Addiction Side Effects, Withdrawal and Treatment
Xanax is a commonly prescribed medication used to treat specific anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder. Alprazolam is the generic name for Xanax, and this specific prescription medication belongs to the class of drugs called benzodiazepines, or ...
... Taking Xanax in larger amounts or for a longer time period than originally intended. Persistent desire to ... Xanax to achieve the desired effect. Withdrawal. Xanax Side Effects Central nervous system depressants such as ... continue reading -
Steroid Abuse Side Effects, Signs, and Addiction Treatment
What Is a Steroid? Steroids are lifesavers in many situations. For example, corticosteroids open up the lungs to allow for increased breathing during asthma attacks. However, there are different types of steroids. Some steroids can be incredibly ...
... sex-specific characteristics as well. The most infamous side effects of steroid use are the shrinking of the testicles ... It can also permanently deepen the voice. Long-term effects of steroid use for both sexes include ... continue reading -
Naltrexone Side Effects, Use in Addiction Treatment, and Rehab Programs
For those struggling with alcohol or opioid addiction, what's commonly referred to as MAT—short for medication-assisted treatment or medication for addiction treatment—can help people quit drinking and using drugs to maintain long-term sobriety. ...
... quit drinking and using drugs to maintain long-term sobriety. 1 This evidence-based treatment ... of these substances. 1,2 Naltrexone Side Effects People may experience side effects when taking naltrexone. However, one ... continue reading -
Opana Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Opana Used For? Opana is the trade name for the prescription medication oxymorphone—a semi-synthetic opioid painkiller . In various formulations, oxymorphone has been available on the U.S. pharmaceutical market since 1959. In 2006, the FDA ...
... in “doctor shopping” to obtain more of the drug. Effects of Opana Abuse Opana Abuse Treatment Chronic use of Opana ... difference in treating your addiction over the long term. While receiving opioid addiction treatment at ... continue reading -
5 Scary Side Effects of Ambien Sleeping Pills
We've all been there—you can't sleep, and you're left tossing and turning in your bed. You know that getting a good night's sleep is one of the best ways to take care of yourself, but you can't seem to shut your eyes. It's debatable what's leading ...
... come at a cost. Here's a look at five possible side effects of Ambien you'll want to consider before use. 4,5 ... and function “normally.” Using Ambien for longer-than-recommended durations of time and, especially, misusing ... continue reading -
Wellbutrin Side Effects, Symptoms of Abuse, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Wellbutrin Used For? Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Aplenzin, Zyban) is a drug that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder, as well as to help people stop smoking. 1 Doctors ...
... appetite. Long periods of wakefulness/insomnia. In addition to displaying the physical effects of ... seizures are to occur, making this an especially dangerous side effect for abusers. 2 Wellbutrin overdose has been known ... continue reading -
Diazepam Abuse Side Effects, Overdose, and Addiction Treatment
Diazepam is the generic name for Valium . It is one of many benzodiazepine substances that affect the central nervous system (CNS) by amplifying the depressant effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, to subsequently decrease brain activity. ...
... and prescription sleep aids (e.g. Ambien). Valium Side Effects In a dose-dependent manner, diazepam use can ... Delusions. Nightmares. Sleeping problems. Effects of Diazepam Addiction Long-term abuse of diazepam can have a ... continue reading -
Soma Abuse Signs, Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Soma Used For? Soma is the trade name for carisoprodol , a muscle relaxant that is prescribed for the treatment of muscle pain and spasms . Soma is often abused for its sedating effects on the user, and the addictive properties of this drug ...
... heart rate. Insomnia. Soma Side Effects The physiology of Soma addiction is only half the story. The social and mental impact of Soma abuse is typically similar to that of other dugs. Long-term abusers of Soma and/or ... continue reading -
Gabapentin Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, Overdose, & Treatment
What Is Gabapentin Neurontin? Gabapentin Neurontin is an anticonvulsant that comes in a capsule, tablet, and oral solution. It is used to manage certain seizure disorders, as well as the neuropathic pain phenomenon known as post-herpetic neuralgia ...
... of interest. Irritability. Other Gabapentin Side Effects Other gabapentin side effects—which may intensify when you take ... options available, including: Detox : After long-term or heavy use of gabapentin, the body ... continue reading -
Roxy Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Roxicodone Used For? Roxicodone (often called “roxies,” “roxy,” or “blues”) is one of the brand names for oxycodone —a powerful opioid prescription painkiller. Roxicodone is prescribed to alleviate pain that cannot be managed ...
... roxy is abused, the user may suffer new or worsening Roxicodone side effects, like : 1,3,4,6 Nausea and vomiting. Stomach ... day. About 25% of people prescribed opioids long-term for non-cancer pain will become addicted to ... continue reading -
Zolpidem Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment Programs
What Is Zolpidem? Zolpidem tartrate is a sedative-hypnotic agent found in many prescription sleep aid drugs used to treat insomnia. 1 The most widely known brand name formulation of zolpidem in the U.S. is Ambien. The pharmacological effects of ...
... addiction , and zolpidem users may find themselves addicted after long-term use/misuse of the drug. 6,7 Those with a ... check out the following articles: “The Ambien Effect” Effects of Ambien Use How to Help an Ambien ... continue reading -
Dextromethorphan (DXM) Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Dextromethorphan Used For? What Is DXM? Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a cough suppressant and opioid derivative used in more than 100 over-the-counter medicines. Dextromethorphan is safe for ingestion and not habit-forming when taken as ...
... . Coma. Learn more about the side effects of dextromethorphan use . Dextromethorphan Withdrawal Symptoms Typically, someone who has been using dextromethorphan long-term and suddenly quits will experience withdrawal ... continue reading -
Tramadol Addiction Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment
Tramadol is an opioid analgesic medication prescribed for pain relief. 1 When it is used as prescribed, tramadol can be effective in managing moderate-to-moderately severe pain. 1 Like other prescription opioid painkillers, tramadol can be easily ...
... for long periods of time. 3 With long-term tramadol use, a person's brain can get used to its effects. This ... 911 immediately. Tramadol Side Effects Tramadol use is associated with certain side effects, the severity of ... continue reading -
Cocaine Addiction Side Effects, Symptoms, Withdrawal, and Treatment
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that comes in the form of a white powder which is commonly snorted, smoked, or injected. 1 Its popularity as a recreational substance is in part due to its perceived positive effects on mood, ...
... effects of cocaine use disorder. Adverse Effects of Cocaine Use There are several potentially dangerous side effects ... of neurological changes that affect their lives. Long-term cocaine use is associated with deficits in ... continue reading -
Snorting Ambien Side Effects, Dangers, Overdose, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Ambien Used For? The sleep aid Ambien (generic name: zolpidem ) is a prescription medication used in the treatment of insomnia in adults. 1 It works by slowing down brain activity to help users fall and stay asleep. Zolpidem is similar in ...
... Please contact us free at . Ambien Side Effects Ambien has many side effects that may present in those who take ... like in-facility , outpatient , and longer-term residential treatment , the individual will participate ... continue reading -
Snorting Adderall: Side Effects and Addiction Treatment
What Does Adderall Do? Adderall is a prescription stimulant used and abused for its ability to increase energy and mental focus, as well as for its potential to elicit pleasurable feelings at high enough doses. 1 It is prescribed for the treatment ...
... drug as prescribed are less likely to experience dangerous side effects. However, misusing the drug may increase the risk ... -term effects similar to those of cocaine, the risk for overdose, addiction, and the long-term ... continue reading -
Naltrexone for Addiction Treatment: Side Effects and Rehabilitation
Successful addiction treatment can be life-changing, and medication for addiction treatment (MAT) is an effective tool that can promote both abstinence and long-term recovery. Naltrexone is one medication in the MAT armamentarium that is highly ...
... on the body, how it's used, its potential side effects, its interactions with other medications, and how it can ... long-term use of naltrexone. 1 Naltrexone Precautions To avoid a heightened risk of adverse effects while ... continue reading -
Bath Salts Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Are Bath Salts Used For? The drugs widely sold as bath salts and under other similar names are alleged to produce dramatic effects in their users. Perhaps one of the most famous incidents of apparent bath salts abuse involved a spate of ...
... Side Effects of Bath Salts Abuse Long-term abuse of bath salts appears to result in effects similar to those of amphetamines . The side effects ... . Ultimately, the most dangerous side effect of bath salts use appears ... continue reading -
OxyContin Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is OxyContin Used For? OxyContin is a branded formulation of the powerful opioid painkiller oxycodone . It is prescribed to manage cases of moderate-to-severe pain. When taken as directed, it is a safe and effective medication, and it has ...
... addictions . Credit: Reveal Long-Term Effects of OxyContin Use There are various long-term effects of OxyContin use . ... There are also many different physical side effects of OxyContin use, which include: Sedation ... continue reading -
PCP Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is PCP? PCP is phencyclidine. Similar to ketamine, it is a dissociative anesthetic that causes: Hallucinations. Out-of-body experiences. Delusions. Irrationality. The DEA has PCP listed as a Schedule II drug, which means it has a high potential ...
... more of the drug to achieve the same effects, the risks of long-term damage are heightened. It has been reported ... it can be planned and timed for maximum effect. Find Phencyclidine Abuse Treatment Programs The Council on ... continue reading -
Benzodiazepine Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
Benzodiazepines (benzos) are commonly prescribed medications in the United States. In 2017, there were over 120 million benzodiazepine prescriptions dispensed throughout the country. 1 Benzos belong to a larger group of medications known as ...
... concerns , and any history of addiction . Long-term use of benzodiazepines, using higher doses than prescribed ... of the substance to achieve the desired effect, or less effects from the substance even though a person ... continue reading -
Stimulant Drug Abuse: Side Effects and Addiction Treatment
Stimulants—both illicit and prescription—are known to increase energy and alertness. Prescription stimulants can offer therapeutic benefits when used as prescribed. However, both prescription and illicit stimulants have a high propensity for ...
... stimulant abuse. The side effects of stimulants on your ... long-term. The range of adverse health consequences can impact the heart, brain , and teeth. 1,4,6 Some of the effects that can be experienced even with short-term ... continue reading -
Side Effects of ACTIQ Abuse
ACTIQ is a brand name for fentanyl, an extremely powerful opioid painkiller that is used only for severe pain such as breakthrough cancer pain 1 . Fentanyl is available in a number of formulations and delivery methods, including 2,3,4 : Tablets and ...
... benefits 6,7 . Side Effects People that use and abuse ACTIQ are at risk of many unwanted side effects, even if the ... before the antidote takes effect 2 . Long-Term Effects of Abuse In the long term, someone abusing ACTIQ ... continue reading -
Barbiturate Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Are Barbiturates Used For? Barbiturates are sedative-hypnotic drugs that were once commonly used as sedatives or anti-anxiety medications. A physician must prescribe barbiturates; otherwise, their use is considered illicit. Among their limited ...
... or drowsy). Slurred speech. Lack of coordination (users may fall over frequently). Confusion. Long-Term Barbiturate Side Effects A person who is abusing barbiturates will exhibit signs that are similar in presentation to ... continue reading -
5 Psychological Side Effects of Percocet
Percocet is a combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone, landing this medication in a family of drugs known as opioids . They're commonly prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain and work by blocking the pain signals sent to your brain. Percocet ...
... constipation, nausea, headache, dizziness and dry mouth. Danger Ahead: Side Effects of Percocet Long-term use or abuse of Percocet has many adverse side effects . Among them are serious psychological problems that can ... continue reading -
MXE Drug Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is MXE? Methoxetamine—also known as MXE—is a drug similar to ketamine and known for its hallucinogenic and dissociative properties. 1 MXE (sometimes called “Mexxy,” “M-ket,” “Special M,” or “legal ketamine”) is commonly sold ...
... High blood pressure. Nausea/vomiting. Respiratory depression. Side Effects of MXE Abuse MXE is a risky drug ... also lead to negative life consequences. Possible long-term effects of MXE use include: Isolation from family ... continue reading -
What Is Crack Cocaine? Side Effects, Crack Withdrawal, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Crack Cocaine? Crack cocaine is an addictive stimulant drug that is the rock crystal form of powdered cocaine. 1,2,5 Crack cocaine is a more potent form of cocaine that is processed so that it can be smoked, which provides an immediate high. ...
... range of physical and mental health effects associated with short-term and long-term crack cocaine use, including: 2, ... professional addiction treatment to help ease withdrawal side effects and prevent future relapses . 13 ... continue reading -
Acid Drug Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Is LSD or Acid? D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, acid, blotter) belongs to a group of drugs known as hallucinogens. Like other hallucinogens such as peyote (mescaline) and psilocybin (magic mushrooms) , LSD produces images, sounds, and other ...
... appetite. Dry mouth. Tremors. Seizures. LSD Side Effects Unlike users of many other illicit drugs, ... are many resources out there to treat the short- and long-term effects of using LSD and help you start on the path of ... continue reading -
Spice Abuse Signs, Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Spice? “Spice” is a term commonly used to refer to a blend of dried plant material that is laced with a synthetic cannabinoid. It is also regularly referred to as “synthetic marijuana.” Other names include “K2,” “Moon Rocks,” ...
... teen is abusing this drug, take the time to talk with them about the risks and potential long-term effects of Spice. Spice Abuse Treatment Types Treatment associated with the abuse of Spice includes medications and other ... continue reading -
Tussionex Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment
What Is Tussionex? Tussionex is a prescription medication that includes a combination of chlorpheniramine—an antihistamine 1 —and the opioid painkiller hydrocodone . It is prescribed to treat respiratory symptoms—such as coughs—related to ...
... requiring more of the drug to achieve the desired effect or high. Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when Tussionex use is ... and make decisions. 6 Other potential long-term effects of Tussionex or Tussicaps abuse include: ... continue reading -
Peyote Drug Addiction Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment Types
What Is Peyote Used For? Peyote (“buttons,” “mesc,” “cactus”) is a cactus plant consumed for its hallucinogenic properties and ability to alter a user's thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. 1 The top of the cactus plant that protrudes ...
... exaggerate the effects of drugs to scare teens, which often has the reverse effect. Providing ... can lead to changes in the brain that can have long-term effects on motivation, memory, learning, judgment, and impulse control ... continue reading -
Side Effects of Diazepam Abuse—Short-Term and Long-Term Effects
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly prescribed under the brand name Valium. This substance depresses the central nervous system (CNS) to manage: 1,2 Anxiety. Muscle spasms. Seizures. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Is Diazepam Harmful? Despite ...
... drugs (e.g. opioid painkillers) or to counteract the side effects of other drugs (e.g. cocaine , amphetamines ). 2 ... medications, like dextromethorphan (DXM) . Long-Term Effects of Diazepam Abuse Diazepam can contribute to ... continue reading -
Side Effects of Librium Use, Withdrawal and Addiction Treatment
What Is Librium Used For? Librium—which is a brand name formulation of chlordiazepoxide—belongs to a class of sedative medications known as benzodiazepines. Librium has been widely used as a treatment for anxiety and for managing the symptoms of ...
... side effects may occur even with appropriate prescription use of Librium. However, misusing or abusing Librium will increase the risk of experiencing these harmful effects, as well as other complications. Long-Term ... effect ... continue reading -
Snorting Xanax (Alprazolam): Side Effects & Dangers
What Does Snorting Xanax Do? Xanax (generic name: alprazolam) is a prescription sedative medication that falls into the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which are commonly prescribed for the management of anxiety. 1,2 While taking Xanax as ...
... death. 1 Long-Term Effects of Snorting Xanax Xanax 's pleasurable effects on the ... Side Effects of Snorting Xanax Xanax can cause a range of side effects that can impact a person's physical and mental health . Side effects ... continue reading -
Side Effects of Tussionex Abuse
Tussionex, a prescription cough medicine, contains a mixture of hydrocodone (an opioid pain reliever) and chlorpheniramine (an antihistamine). In 2008, the FDA issued an alert regarding the dangers of misusing Tussionex, stating that abusing it can ...
... of the drug taken to achieve the desired effect. The repeated increase in doses of Tussionex used ... long-term maintenance and may be given in combination with naloxone (as Suboxone). Naltrexone: Blocks the euphoric effects ... continue reading -
Side Effects of Demerol Use: Short-Term Effects, Long-Term Effects and Treatment
What Is Demerol Used For? Demerol is a prescription opioid painkiller with effects similar to those of the illicit opiate drug heroin, including the production of a pleasant, euphoric state among those who use it. Demerol is a branded formulation of ...
... increase the likelihood of experiencing harmful effects. Demerol Side Effects Even when it is taken as ... . Seizures. Long-Term Effects of Demerol Abuse Abusing Demerol may lead to serious long-term effects on the brain ... continue reading -
Short-Term Effects, Long-Term Effects, and Side Effects of DMT Misuse
Is DMT Harmful? DMT (dimethyltryptamine) is a hallucinogenic compound found naturally in a variety of plant species and produced endogenously in the human brain. Although the brain produces it naturally, the compound itself is still a Schedule 1 ...
... or other mystical beings). Side Effects of DMT Use Physiological side effects of DMT use may include: ... Long-Term Effects of DMT Abuse More research needs to be done in order to determine the long-term negative effects of ... continue reading -
Vyvanse Side Effects, Short-Term and Long-Term Effects, and Treatment
What Is Vyvanse Used For? Vyvanse is a brand name for the medication lisdexamfetamine that is prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and binge-eating disorders. 1,2 Vyvanse belongs to a class of medicines known as ...
... abuse include: 5,6,7 Malnutrition. Stunted height and weight in children. Paranoia. Hostility. Psychosis. Effects of long-term abuse may vary depending on the method of administration. Intravenous users are at risk for ... continue reading -
Effects of Lortab Use—Short-Term, Long-Term, and Side Effects
What Is Lortab Used For? Lortab is the combination of hydrocodone —an opiate used to manage pain—and acetaminophen , an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic (fever reducer) that augments the pain-relieving effects of hydrocodone . Lortab ...
... a whole host of dangerous side effects . Lortab Side Effects The undesirable effects of Lortab are varied and ... as well. Lortab Long-Term Effects In addition to the potentially damaging health effects of both hydrocodone ... continue reading -
The Effects of Alprazolam Use—Short-Term, Long-Term and Side Effects
Is Alprazolam Harmful? Alprazolam (trade name: Xanax ) is a sedative drug in the benzodiazepine class, indicated for the management of some forms of anxiety and panic disorders. The substance—like all benzodiazepines—has central nervous system ...
... effects are stronger and may cause lapses in memory. Side Effects of Xanax Use Using alprazolam can bring about a variety of side effects. Most side effects ... Long-Term Effects of Alprazolam Use One serious long-term effect ... continue reading -
The Side Effects of Xanax: Pill Use and Short-Term and Long-Term Effects
What Is Xanax Used For? Xanax (generic name: alprazolam) is a powerful benzodiazepine drug that is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain. 1,2 The medication comes in the form of a pill that quickly ...
... the risk of adverse side effects and benzodiazepine overdose . What Are the Long-Term Effects of Xanax Use? ... frequency of use to achieve the same or similar effect that the substance had on you when you began taking ... continue reading -
Long-Term Alcohol and Drug Rehab Programs
Alcohol and drug abuse can be challenging to overcome on your own. Many people seek treatment to help them stop the cycle of substance use and start the path to recovery. Finding the appropriate long-term drug rehab center for your needs may be a ...
... facilities across the country. If you (or someone you care about) is struggling and you think you may benefit from a long-term program, AAC is here to help. You can call us free at to locate a rehab near you. You can ... continue reading -
4 Long-Term Effects of Smoking Marijuana
4 states—Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington—and Washington D.C. have legalized marijuana. With these changes in policy, a big question on everyone's mind is, what are the long term effects of marijuana use? How does marijuana use affect ...
... young people and their marijuana use through adulthood (NIDA, 2016). Not only will this study examine the long-term effects of marijuana and THC, but it will provide insight on how the drug affects an adolescent's brain ... continue reading -
Magic Mushroom Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment
What Is Psilocybin/Magic Mushrooms? Psilocybin is a psychoactive substance contained in over 100 species of mushrooms. A number of these mushroom species produce other psychoactive substances, which act as hallucinogens in a similar manner to ...
... research is necessary to investigate these suggested medicinal uses of psilocybin. Short-Term Effects of Magic Mushrooms The short-term effects of psilocybin mushrooms usually appear within 20 to 90 minutes of ingestion ... continue reading -
25 Harmful Effects of Morphine
Morphine is an effective pain reliever. It's administered frequently by healthcare professionals. It's prescribed to manage moderate to severe pain after an accident, post-surgery, or for a chronic condition. It's accepted for common use throughout ...
... seem like a positive side effect, it is generally a sign of poor health conditions. Effects That Can Be ... it can be deadly. Additional Reading: Understanding the Effects of Long Term Drug Abuse on the Brain How to Get Help ... continue reading -
Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
How Do Drugs Affect the Reproductive System? Substance misuse can negatively impact the reproductive health of both sexes in several ways. It may contribute to serious health problems, such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infertility, and ...
... there is no safe level of drinking during pregnancy. 11 Drinking alcohol while pregnant can lead to serious long-term effects on infants. Alcohol use during the early stages of pregnancy—even before a woman is aware that ... continue reading
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