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Pcp Long Term Effects

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  • Effects of PCP Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is PCP? PCP is an abbreviation for the powerful dissociative sedative drug phencyclidine. PCP is sold on the street in many forms, including as: White powder. Crystal. Capsules. Tablets. Liquid. PCP tablets can be found in multiple colors. Like ...

    ... reality, or as if their body is not their own. Long-Term Effects of PCP Use With excessive use over an extended period of time, the negative effects of PCP become more troublesome, and they may persist for periods even ... continue reading
  • What Are Hallucinogens? Short- and Long-Term Side Effects and Treatment

    Hallucinogens are drugs that alter the user's thinking processes and perception in a manner that leads to significant distortions of reality. 1 To many, the influence of these drugs represents experiences of new and even expanded consciousness and, ...

    ... and there is little evidence surrounding the long-term effects of ayahuasca use. The tea doesn't appear to cause any lasting physical or mental health problems . 15 PCP Phencyclidine (PCP) was initially developed as a ... continue reading
  • Effects of Peyote Abuse: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Peyote Used For? Peyote (or mescaline) belongs to a class of drugs known as hallucinogens. Mescaline is the active hallucinogenic ingredient in peyote, which is a small, spineless cactus. 1 The top, or crown, of the peyote cactus has ...

    ... appetite. Nausea or vomiting. Sleep difficulties. The long-term effects of peyote use on the body are not well ... substance. The category of hallucinogens includes LSD, PCP , peyote, mescaline, psilocybin mushrooms, and MDMA ... continue reading
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  • How to Help a PCP Addict

    What Is PCP? PCP, or phencyclidine—commonly called “angel dust” —was developed in the 1950s as an intravenously administered anesthetic. PCP is no longer approved for medical use, and it is now only found on the illicit market. Most ...

    ... of rolling paper. Snort it as a powder . Common effects of PCP use include agitation, dissociation (feeling of separation) from self, and feelings of invulnerability . Long-term use and using large doses of the drug in a ... continue reading
  • PCP Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is PCP? PCP is phencyclidine. Similar to ketamine, it is a dissociative anesthetic that causes: Hallucinations. Out-of-body experiences. Delusions. Irrationality. The DEA has PCP listed as a Schedule II drug, which means it has a high potential ...

    ... the drug to achieve the same effects, the risks of long-term damage are heightened. It has been reported to cause psychosis in persons suffering from schizophrenia, as well as chronic PCP users. Memory loss is common , ... continue reading
  • Ketamine Abuse Signs, Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is Ketamine? Ketamine (often called “K,” “Special K,” or “Vitamin K”) is a potent dissociative anesthetic , meaning it provides feelings of detachment from one's body. Commonly used in veterinary medicine , this drug has become ...

    ... a rather unpleasant drug in the long term. It tends to cause a wide variety of effects relating to almost every area of ... developed as an alternative to PCP , but it had more powerful side effects, so its use was relegated ... continue reading
  • How to Get Help for Ketamine Addiction

    About Ketamine Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic—a chemical cousin of PCP. Its use as a recreational drug can increase a person's risk of developing addiction and hasten the emergence of long-term psychological effects, including: Memory ...

    ... PCP. Its use as a recreational drug can increase a person's risk of developing addiction and hasten the emergence of long-term psychological effects ... more ketamine to achieve the desired effect? Do you find that the ... continue reading
  • How to Treat MXE Drug Addiction

    What Is MXE? Methoxetamine—also known as MXE, M-ket, or Mexxy—is a synthetic drug with effects similar to those of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine . It can be inhaled through the nose , injected , or taken orally. 1 It is, in fact, so ...

    ... -death experience.' The effects of MXE may take up to 90 minutes to begin and can last for as long as 5 to 7 ... may influence dopamine levels in a way similar to PCP—another addictive dissociative drug. 6 Early use of drugs ... continue reading
  • Other matching results

  • PCP Facts, History, and Statistics

    What Is PCP Used For? “Angel Dust,” “Animal Trank,” and “Rocket Fuel”—these are only some of the street names used to reference the drug PCP (Phencyclidine) , an infamous hallucinogenic (more specifically a dissociative drug ) often ...

    ... marijuana samples. History of PCP The abbreviated term 'PCP' originates from the chemical ... olds (SAMHSA, 2013). Side Effects of PCP Classified as a hallucinogen (DEA, 2013), PCP is a glutamatergic NMDA receptor blocker ... continue reading
  • Effects of Ketamine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, and Side Effects

    Is Ketamine Dangerous? “It's easy to get ketamine abuse wrong because of its potency; it's more powerful than speed or coke weight for weight, so it's easy to accidentally overdose.” Like its sister drug CP, ketamine is a dissociative ...

    ... with other drugs , so it's very hard to tell what the long-term effects will be—interactions can be very unpredictable. Consequently, the long-term effects are varied, but they fall into several main areas. As with any ... continue reading
  • MXE Drug Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is MXE? Methoxetamine—also known as MXE—is a drug similar to ketamine and known for its hallucinogenic and dissociative properties. 1 MXE (sometimes called “Mexxy,” “M-ket,” “Special M,” or “legal ketamine”) is commonly sold ...

    ... cystitis, leading to severe bladder damage. MXE abuse may also lead to negative life consequences. Possible long-term effects of MXE use include: Isolation from family and friends. Problems in relationships. Legal issues ... continue reading
  • Peyote Drug Addiction Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment Types

    What Is Peyote Used For? Peyote (“buttons,” “mesc,” “cactus”) is a cactus plant consumed for its hallucinogenic properties and ability to alter a user's thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. 1 The top of the cactus plant that protrudes ...

    ... exaggerate the effects of drugs to scare teens, which often has the reverse effect. Providing ... can lead to changes in the brain that can have long-term effects on motivation, memory, learning, judgment, and impulse control ... continue reading
  • How to Help a DMT Addict

    N, N-Dimethyltryptamine is the chemical name for the drug commonly known as DMT. This potent hallucinogen , sometimes called “Dmitri,” can be synthesized in labs, but it also occurs naturally in several types of South American plants. The ...

    ... own self-care and independence. CRAFT utilizes a long-term approach to develop the addict's own motivation ... more of a drug to produce the same wanted effects). Psychological addiction is a concern , however, as some ... continue reading
  • Related results

  • The Effects of Dextromethorphan Use

    “Abusers of DXM often underestimate the dangerous effects of DXM, as it is advertised as safe for use. However, its safety for use in therapeutic doses does not translate to safety for recreational use.” Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is commonly ...

    ... term Effects “Robo-tripping,” or taking dextromethorphan in large amounts to get high, can produce short-term effect ... rate. Fatigue. Long-term Effects of Dextromethorphan The long-term effects of Dextromethorphan are not ... continue reading
  • Drugs A-Z

    What Is Acamprosate? Acamprosate is thought to help recovering alcoholics stay sober by balancing inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. Acamprosate may be combined with behavioral therapy to decrease a person's chances of relapse and ...

    ... orally in capsule or pill form. Learn about the long-term effects of ecstasy use . What Is Fentanyl? Fentanyl is ... a surgical/procedural sedative because, in contrast with PCP, it was associated with a much shorter and ... continue reading
  • What Are Bath Salts and Why Are They So Dangerous?

    No, we're not talking about actual bath salts. That would be unfortunate and rather painful. If you've ever accidentally got a fizzy drink up your nose (we would mention one of the leading brands of cola products, but that could be confusing,) ...

    ... words, it is quite similar to amphetamine in terms of elation and stimulation. It gained popularity ... many ways, it's similar to the PCP epidemic of the early '80s, and the overall effects are quite similar. It's not a ... continue reading
  • Ways of Helping Someone With Drug or Alcohol Addiction

    Seeking Drug Addiction Help If you have a loved one who is struggling with drug or alcohol addiction, it can be difficult to watch them. You may be wondering how to help them with their substance abuse issues. They might be ready to quit and ...

    ... or act angry. Enable the person. What Are the Effects of Addiction on Family And Friends? Alcohol and drug ... 1 adult who has a substance use disorder. 10 The long-term impact of alcohol and drug abuse on family members can ... continue reading
  • What Is Molly? 5 Things You Didn’t Know About MDMA

    Molly is a street name for MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine), a popular rave drug used at nightclubs and music festivals to alter mood and perception. 1 People may see Molly as a drug that helps them let loose, connect to others, and dance ...

    ... with many risks and adverse effects that you should be aware of. Some potential short-term side effects of MDMA that may occur ... Loss of libido. Long-Term Risks of MDMA Use There are several long-term risks associated with ... continue reading
  • LSD Overdose Signs, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment

    LSD is a hallucinogen drug capable of altering thoughts and perceptions in those who use it, causing pseudo-hallucinations and synesthesias—a condition where people see and hear things that are not real, while others report being able to hear ...

    ... large margin for error. What this means in practical terms is that one blotter paper could easily carry multiple times ... and experiences these types of serious side effects—they may benefit from more extended treatment ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Tussionex Addict

    Tussionex is a combination of hydrocodone, an opioid painkiller and cough suppressant, and chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine which eases allergy symptoms 1 . As a cough medicine, Tussionex is frequently prescribed to both children and adults. It is ...

    ... majority of time getting Tussionex, using it, or recovering from its effects. Frequently failing to cut back or stop using the drug. ... Patients often transition into a longer-term recovery program to continue receiving ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Dextromethorphan Addict

    “DXM abuse is becoming especially prevalent among teens seeking a cheap high from a substance that is easy to access.” DXM is often abused for the euphoric effects that it can elicit when taken in larger-than-recommended doses. Because ...

    ... to access.” DXM is often abused for the euphoric effects that it can elicit when taken in larger-than- ... them. Help is out there for those who need it as long as they are willing to take the steps needed to get help ... continue reading
  • How to Help an Oxycontin Addict

    OxyContin is a dangerous drug when not used properly, and it's easy to fall into the trap of addiction. Fortunately, there is help out there for anyone who is addicted to the substance, and it's never been easier to get help. How to Approach an ...

    ... order to recreate those feelings. Learn more about the effects of OxyContin use . OxyContin is a form of ... drug no matter how hard you try. It's no longer about controlling pain; OxyContin abuse or addiction is all about ... continue reading
  • How to Help an Opiate Addict

    Help for Opiate Addicts Opiates are some of the most abused drugs in America, with prescription opiates accounting for up to 5.1 million cases of addiction. Around 210 million doses of opiates, including morphine , OxyContin , and Vicodin , were ...

    ... assisted detoxification is helpful in achieving long-term sobriety from opiates. Withdrawal from opiates ... prevent opioid abuse by blocking the euphoric effects of opioid use . Understand that detoxification alone ... continue reading
  • Is There a Cure for Addiction?

    Drug addiction, also known as a substance use disorder (SUD), is a national crisis in the United States. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): 1,2,3 Approximately 53 million people aged 12 and older (nearly 1 in 5 Americans) used ...

    ... used an illicit substance (marijuana, cocaine, heroine, LSD, PCP, ecstasy, inhalants, and methamphetamine) in 2018. (Over ... and use a drug(s), regardless of the negative effects on themselves and others. 4-6 Over time, it ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Tramadol Addict

    Help for Tramadol Addiction If you have been struggling with an addiction to tramadol, or you know someone who has, finding the proper treatment program is essential. Treatment for addiction can restore your quality of life. Regardless of how long ...

    ... Addictive Tramadol History and Statistics Tramadol Long-Term Side Effects Tramadol Overdose Tramadol Withdrawal How to ... Marijuana Meth Methoxetamine (MXE) Mushrooms PCP Peyote Steroids Stimulants Help for Prescription ... continue reading
  • How to Help Someone With Valium Addiction

    How to Help Someone Addicted to Valium If you are addicted to Valium—a sedative-hypnotic drug—you don't have to fight your addiction alone. Treatment programs give people with addictions all the support they need to recover. Regardless of how ...

    ... CRAFT may help families and individuals find long-term healing. Valium Addiction Treatment Valium addiction ... is taken for a long period of time. To learn more about the dangerous effects attributed to Valium abuse ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Vicodin Addict

    Help for Vicodin Addiction Vicodin is one of the many brand names for the combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone . Hydrocodone is an opioid used to treat moderate and severe pain , as well as being a treatment for coughs. The acetaminophen is ...

    ... prescribed? Do you need to take more and more to feel the effects of the drug (a sign of tolerance)? Have you ever referred to ... Marijuana Meth Methoxetamine (MXE) Mushrooms PCP Peyote Steroids Stimulants Help for ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Heroin Addict

    More than 590,000 people had a heroin use disorder in the U.S. in 2015, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. If you or someone you love is addicted to heroin, you're not alone, and there is help available. Approaching Someone About ...

    ... enters the brain. It has both short-term and long-term effects. Short-term effects of using heroin include: Feeling flushed. ... Marijuana Meth Methoxetamine (MXE) Mushrooms PCP Peyote Steroids Stimulants Help for ... continue reading
  • How to Help an Alprazolam Addict

    Help for Alprazolam Addicts Alprazolam—marketed under the brand name Xanax —is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and panic disorders . Similar to the effects of alcohol, alprazolam works by depressing brain functions . Abuse of this drug ...

    ... anxiety and panic disorders . Similar to the effects of alcohol, alprazolam works by depressing brain ... following questions: Do you feel as if you are no longer in control of how much alprazolam you are taking? Do ... continue reading
  • How to Help Someone With Alcohol Addiction

    In the United States, alcohol use is highly prevalent. According to the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, around 138 million people, or 50% of those people aged 12 and older, reported prior month use of alcohol. 1 You may be concerned ...

    ... an adequate length of time is critical to long-term recovery, with longer stays in treatment associated with better outcomes. ... understand drug and alcohol addiction and its effects : Alcohol Bath Salts Cocaine Crack ... continue reading
  • Alcohol Misuse and Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

    What Is Alcohol Misuse? According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), alcohol is the most commonly used and misused substance in the United States. 1 Those who misuse alcohol are not necessarily addicted or ...

    ... s effects may include: 2,5,16 Nausea. Vomiting. Headaches. Slurred speech. Impaired judgment. Anxiety . Insomnia. Trouble concentrating. Memory loss. Problems breathing. The risk of significant personal harm or long-term ... continue reading
  • 5 Movies That Will Make You Never Want to Do Drugs Again

    Hollywood has a knack for glamorizing controversial subjects and drug use is certainly one of them. Yet for every Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas or Trainspotting , there are also those films that will make you never want to touch drugs again. Here ...

    ... the marijuana joint, which was laced with PCP, Caouette develops a frightening dissociative disorder. The ... -induced delirium will stick long in your mind. Learn more about the symptoms and side effects of drug use . ... continue reading
  • How to Help Someone With Concerta Addiction

    When you love someone with an addiction, it can be hard to understand why he or she can't just stop using overnight. Addiction can take over an individual's life and produce an all-consuming desire to continue use, despite the user wanting or ...

    ... alarming signs and symptoms of addiction . The negative side effects which might indicate that someone is abusing Concerta include: ... Marijuana Meth Methoxetamine (MXE) Mushrooms PCP Peyote Steroids Stimulants Help for ... continue reading
  • How to Help a Codeine Addict

    Helping someone overcome an addiction is sometimes an arduous process, and recovery won't happen overnight. Addiction treatment takes time and often imposes stresses on both the abuser and the people they love. While it may prove difficult, ...

    ... those with long-standing codeine abuse history to experience hallucinations and delusions . This can be a scary side effect for many ... Meth Methoxetamine (MXE) Mushrooms PCP Peyote Steroids Stimulants Help for Prescription ... continue reading
  • 4 Long-Term Effects of Smoking Marijuana

    4 states—Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington—and Washington D.C. have legalized marijuana. With these changes in policy, a big question on everyone's mind is, what are the long term effects of marijuana use? How does marijuana use affect ...

    ... young people and their marijuana use through adulthood (NIDA, 2016). Not only will this study examine the long-term effects of marijuana and THC, but it will provide insight on how the drug affects an adolescent's brain ... continue reading
  • Oxycodone Side Effects: Short and Long-Term

    Oxycodone is a prescription opioid analgesic that is used to manage moderate to severe pain by changing the way that the brain responds to pain. 1 It is commonly prescribed as a combination product with other drugs such as acetaminophen and aspirin, ...

    ... including: 1,3,4 Drowsiness. Nausea. Constipation. Slowed breathing. Cough suppression. Long-Term Effects of Oxycodone Long-term use of any medication, including opioids like oxycodone, can result in damage to different ... continue reading
  • The Side Effects of Xanax: Pill Use and Short-Term and Long-Term Effects

    What Is Xanax Used For? Xanax (generic name: alprazolam) is a powerful benzodiazepine drug that is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain. 1,2 The medication comes in the form of a pill that quickly ...

    ... risk of adverse side effects and benzodiazepine overdose . What Are the Long-Term Effects of Xanax Use? When ... frequency of use to achieve the same or similar effect that the substance had on you when you began taking ... continue reading
  • Understanding the Effects of Long Term Drug Abuse on the Brain

    Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease, and it can cause you to compulsively seek out drugs even though you're aware of the harmful results taking them can cause. Initially, your choice to take drugs is voluntary. So, if someone offers you drugs, ...

    ... referred to as a tolerance, and the danger and effects of drug abuse that leads many addicts to hospitalization ... same feeling as the first time. The brain undergoes long-term changes during drug abuse . If the brain has ... continue reading
  • Vyvanse Side Effects, Short-Term and Long-Term Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Vyvanse Used For? Vyvanse is a brand name for the medication lisdexamfetamine that is prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and binge-eating disorders. 1,2 Vyvanse belongs to a class of medicines known as ...

    ... abuse include: 5,6,7 Malnutrition. Stunted height and weight in children. Paranoia. Hostility. Psychosis. Effects of long-term abuse may vary depending on the method of administration. Intravenous users are at risk for ... continue reading
  • Side Effects of Diazepam Abuse—Short-Term and Long-Term Effects

    Diazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly prescribed under the brand name Valium. This substance depresses the central nervous system (CNS) to manage: 1,2 Anxiety. Muscle spasms. Seizures. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Is Diazepam Harmful? Despite ...

    ... . Prescription painkillers . Barbiturates . Certain cold or cough medications, like dextromethorphan (DXM) . Long-Term Effects of Diazepam Abuse Diazepam can contribute to numerous physical and mental symptoms over the ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Valium Use: Side Effects, Short- and Long-Term Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Valium Used For? Valium—a popular sedative-hypnotic prescription drug—has numerous effects on the body, many of which can be dangerous when the drug is misused or abused. Valium (diazepam) is prescribed for sleeplessness, anxiety, muscle ...

    ... speech. Delayed reflexes. Nausea. Appetite changes. Trouble urinating. Blurred vision. Confusion. Decreased memory consolidation. Long-Term Effects of Valium Use Heavy use of Valium over an extended period of time can ... continue reading
  • Long-Term Effects of Molly, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    MDMA Drug Information Ecstasy is the more common street name for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine—a highly addictive, illicit drug also known as MDMA , or “Molly.” This drug shares chemical structural similarities with both amphetamine and ...

    ... dehydration, they may develop a serious electrolyte imbalance or brain swelling due to water retention. 8 Long-Term Effects of Molly Because it enhances the release and activity of serotonin from certain neurons, MDMA is ... continue reading
  • The Damage Done: 6 Long-Term Reminders of Meth Abuse

    Methamphetamine is an extremely toxic and vile drug that produces an initial rush of euphoria and a massive boost of energy. After that first encounter, users can quickly find themselves chasing that same “good” feeling over and over again, but ...

    ... that same “good” feeling over and over again, but it's a useless quest. Truth be told, the effects of long-term meth use are far from glamorous or beneficial. Meth robs people of their physical and mental health, in ... continue reading
  • Effects of Methadone Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist that is FDA-approved to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Methadone also has a role in pain management. When used correctly, as prescribed, methadone is safe and effective. This article will help you ...

    ... but are often the result of the interaction of other medications or drugs taken with methadone. 6 Long-Term Effects of Methadone Use Methadone can help control cravings and prevent relapse , both during withdrawal and on ... continue reading
  • Effects of Cocaine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, & Side Effects

    Cocaine is a Schedule II illegal stimulant drug that is highly addictive. It is often used recreationally, and there is a range of dangers associated with the use of cocaine. This page will talk about: What cocaine is and how it is used. Cocaine's ...

    ... aren't working and increasing the risk of overdose or organ damage. 2,6 Long-Term Effects of Cocaine Use Long-term side effects of cocaine can be wide-ranging and harmful, impacting physical and mental health in ... continue reading
  • Long-Term Alcohol and Drug Rehab Programs

    Alcohol and drug abuse can be challenging to overcome on your own. Many people seek treatment to help them stop the cycle of substance use and start the path to recovery. Finding the appropriate long-term drug rehab center for your needs may be a ...

    ... facilities across the country. If you (or someone you care about) is struggling and you think you may benefit from a long-term program, AAC is here to help. You can call us free at to locate a rehab near you. You can ... continue reading
  • Long-Term Side Effects of Zolpidem Abuse

    What Is Zolpidem Used For? Zolpidem is a hypnotic, or sleep-promoting substance found in some prescription insomnia medications, including the sleeping pill Ambien. 1 As a sedative-hypnotic substance, zolpidem use can impart a sense of euphoria and ...

    ... full-blown addiction. 3,4 Zolpidem's Short-Term Effects When a person takes zolpidem, certain kinds of ... Ambien Dependence Ambien is intended for short-term use only, and long-term users run the risk of becoming dependent ... continue reading
  • Effects of Stimulant Drugs: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Are Stimulants Used For? Stimulants are a class of substances that increase certain types of cell signaling and amplify various physiologic processes throughout the brain and body. In particular, many types of stimulant drugs are associated ...

    ... the ugly truth behind euphoric stimulant highs. Stimulant Dependence If the prospect of incurring the above long-term health effects isn't already bad enough, a chronic stimulant user is also at high risk of developing ... continue reading
  • Effects of Flakka Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Is Flakka Harmful? Flakka is a street drug with origins in South Florida. One of the newer chemicals in the booming category of synthetic or designer drugs, Flakka is typically made from a synthetic version of an amphetamine-like stimulant in the ...

    ... of Flakka can rival those of some of the strongest crystal meth and cocaine . Long-Term Effects of Flakka Use Long-term effects of Flakka use are not yet published. Flakka is one of the more recent synthetic drugs ... continue reading
  • Effects of Spice Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Is Spice Harmful? “Spice” (synthetic marijuana) has grown in popularity in recent years. Synthetic marijuana is sold under a variety of names other than “Spice,” including: K2. Skunk. Moon rocks. Potpourri. Substances like Spice and ...

    ... . Myocardial ischemia. Vomiting. Hallucinations. Paranoia. Severe anxiety . Panic attacks. Aggression. Long-Term Effects of Spice Use The long-term effects of Spice use are largely unknown due to the drug's status as a ... continue reading
  • Effects of Soma Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Soma (generic name: carisoprodol ) is prescribed for short-term relief of acute musculoskeletal pain . It is intended only to be used for short time periods (generally up to 3 weeks). Is Soma Dangerous? The therapeutic effect of Soma is effectively ...

    ... (meprobamate) exert mild sedative effects . Many Soma users find the sedative effect of carisoprodol to be pleasant ... Tremors. Vomiting. Seizures. Long-Term Effects of Soma Use The long-term effects of Soma are typically ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Concerta Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Concerta Used For? Concerta is the trade name of a central nervous system stimulant known as methylphenidate . It is prescribed mainly for the treatment of: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ...

    ... . Insomnia. Dilated pupils. Impaired vision. Decreased appetite. Arrhythmias. Heart attack. Stroke. Long-Term Effects of Concerta Use The long-term effects of Concerta abuse can be dangerous and, in some cases, life ... continue reading
  • Effects of Bath Salts Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Are Bath Salts Harmful? The term “bath salts” refers to a family of designer recreational drugs that contain one or more synthetic chemicals related to cathinone —a stimulant found in the khat plant with effects similar to those of amphetamine ...

    ... of coordination. Malnutrition. Arguably, the most dangerous side effect of these drugs is the risk of addiction . ... Long-Term Effects of Bath Salts Use The long-term effects of bath salts include many serious side effects ... continue reading
  • Effects of Inhalant Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Are Inhalants? There is a huge number of inhalants available for abuse, and they're fairly easy to obtain. It's unsurprising that teens in particular are susceptible to inhalant abuse, simply because these compounds can be acquired at any ...

    ... high. Unresponsiveness to stimuli. Rashes around the mouth where the inhalant has blistered the skin. Harmful Long-Term Effects of Inhalants Like abuse of many drugs, inhalant abuse can result in death, and it doesn't ... continue reading
  • Effects of Meth Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Is Meth Harmful? Meth—the abbreviated colloquialism for methamphetamine—is a wildly addictive and dangerous substance. Users can rapidly become dependent on its effects, which present a number of health risks. The illegal production and ...

    ... with teeth are not uncommon, and significant weight loss can occur . Short-term side effects may be temporary, but long-term side effects can cause irreversible damage to the body. Because it is addictive in nature ... continue reading
  • Effects of Opioid Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Are Opioids Used For? Opioids are a class of drugs that includes prescription painkillers such as oxycodone (Oxycontin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), codeine , and morphine ; synthetic opioids including fentanyl ; and the illegal drug heroin . 1,2 ...

    ... . Constipation. Slowed breathing/respiratory depression. Hypoxia can lead to both short- and long-term psychological and neurological effects—including coma, permanent brain damage, and death. 3,5 In addition to these ... continue reading
  • The Effects of OxyContin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is OxyContin Used For? OxyContin is an opiate that is often prescribed for moderate-to-strong post-surgical pain or more chronic pain situations. Prescription rates are high in the United States. The drug contains oxycodone —a substance that ...

    ... sign of opiate abuse ). Long-Term Effects of OxyContin Use Opiates may have severe effects on the brain and body , and OxyContin is no exception. Long-term effects include severe constipation and persistent vomiting ... continue reading
  • Effects of Steroid Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Are Steroids Harmful? Some steroids can be incredibly harmful to those who take them. Conversely, some types of steroids are used to help people with inflammatory conditions like chronic bronchitis, but these are categorized as corticosteroids . ...

    ... 's outward appearance or their behaviors. Some long-term effects of steroid abuse cannot be observed. Although ... be the most dangerous effect of withdrawal, because it can be intense and long-lasting. In some case, ... continue reading
  • Effects of Marijuana Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, & Side Effects

    Is Marijuana Dangerous? Marijuana may indeed be harmful. There is a link between long-term marijuana use and increased rates of schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety . Marijuana also increases a person's heart rate for up to three hours after use, ...

    ... in mood. Difficulties thinking or problem solving. Video: Physical Effects of Marijuana Use Credit: Howcast Long-Term Effects of Marijuana Use The long-term effects of marijuana use can involve an adverse impact on ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Vicodin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Vicodin Used For? Vicodin is an prescription painkiller medication that is comprised of two substances: Hydrocodone . Acetaminophen . Hydrocodone is an opiate drug that works as a pain reliever and is useful in managing multiple levels of ...

    ... overdose is also markedly increased when the drug is mixed with alcohol or other intoxicating substances. Long-Term Effects of Vicodin Use Long-term Vicodin use has the ability to make people overlook its negative side ... continue reading
  • Effects of Heroin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Is Heroin Harmful? Heroin is the name for a modified version of morphine that is a very addictive and illegal opioid drug . The drug is available on the illicit market in a number of different varieties, with purer product tending to occur in white ...

    ... brain, heart problems, coma, and death. Long-Term Effects of Heroin Use There is a wide range of effects caused by long-term heroin use . People who use heroin for long periods of time may experience: Deteriorated dental ... continue reading
  • Effects of Crystal Meth Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, & Side Effects

    What Is Methamphetamine Used For? Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that can have long-lasting effects on the body. This is a man-made substance that—with the advent of other more efficacious prescription stimulants—now has limited ...

    ... the severity of any dependency that may be present. Methamphetamine assessment Test Long-Term Effects of Crystal Meth Use When taken over a long period of time, crystal meth can cause severe physical and psychological ... continue reading
  • Effects of Clonazepam Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Clonazepam Used For? Clonazepam, commonly known by its brand name Klonopin , is a prescription medication commonly used for its anti-anxiety and anti-convulsant benefits. This medication is part of a larger group of substances called ...

    ... of overdose. Long-Term Effects of Clonazepam Use Clonazepam is not generally recommended for long-term use because ... stops taking clonazepam, they will experience a rebound effect. This means that the problems which the ... continue reading
  • Effects of Ativan Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Is Ativan Harmful? Ativan (generic name: lorazepam) is classified as a benzodiazepine medication used primarily for the short-term treatment of anxiety and seizure activity. It is sometimes used to manage intractable insomnia, and as a sedative for ...

    ... associated with existing dementia. Tolerance A common long-term effect of Ativan use is the development of ... to Ativan , give us a call free at . Effects of Withdrawal Withdrawal from Ativan occurs soon after the last ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Alprazolam Use—Short-Term, Long-Term and Side Effects

    Is Alprazolam Harmful? Alprazolam (trade name: Xanax ) is a sedative drug in the benzodiazepine class, indicated for the management of some forms of anxiety and panic disorders. The substance—like all benzodiazepines—has central nervous system ...

    ... to see if you're covered for treatment at one of our facilities. Long-Term Effects of Alprazolam Use One serious long-term effect of alprazolam use is the possibility—if not inevitability—of physical dependence and ... continue reading
  • Effects of Alcohol Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    While alcohol is widely used in the United States, it can have an array of harmful effects. A 2019 survey reported that 85.6% of Americans aged 18 and over had consumed alcohol at some time in their life, nearly 70% of people had consumed alcohol ...

    ... -term effects of alcohol on the body and brain, the long-term effects of alcohol on the body and brain, effects ... , domestic violence, or sexual assault. One common side effect of alcohol is a hangover. This is a cluster ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Adderall Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Adderall Used For? Adderall is a form of amphetamine prescribed for the treatment of: 1 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Narcolepsy. It is available in 2 forms : immediate release and extended release. 1 Both forms are ...

    ... Short-Term Effects When used for short periods as prescribed by a physician, Adderall has the positive effect of ... Paranoia. Long-Term Effects Of Adderall Use Chronic abuse of Adderall may result in effects such as ... continue reading
  • Effects of Lortab Use—Short-Term, Long-Term, and Side Effects

    What Is Lortab Used For? Lortab is the combination of hydrocodone —an opiate used to manage pain—and acetaminophen , an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic (fever reducer) that augments the pain-relieving effects of hydrocodone . Lortab ...

    ... situation can occur with the acetaminophen in Lortab as well. Lortab Long-Term Effects In addition to the potentially damaging health effects of both hydrocodone and acetaminophen, a Lortab addiction can bring about ... continue reading
  • Effects of Ultram Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    Ultram (trade name: tramadol ) is an opiate analgesic typically prescribed for pain that is moderate to moderately severe. When introduced, it was regarded as having a very low potential for addiction; however, its incidence of abuse and dependency ...

    ... Ultram addiction , which indicates continual cravings for the drug and opioid withdrawal symptoms when not using. Long-term effects of abuse and addiction to Ultram also follow the path of any addiction when it comes to ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Ritalin Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Ritalin Used For? Ritalin (generic name: methylphenidate) is a stimulant prescribed to reduce the effects of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is also sometimes prescribed for the ...

    ... . Respiratory depression. Chest pain. Raised or lowered blood pressure. Long-Term Effects of Ritalin Use The long-term effects of methylphenidate use may include: Disorientation and apathy. Delusions, hallucinations ... continue reading
  • Effects of Phenobarbital Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Phenobarbital Used For? Phenobarbital, marketed under the trade names Luminal and Solfoton, is a barbiturate that is typically prescribed for patients suffering from seizures, tics or repetitive motor disorders, and Tourette's syndrome. It ...

    ... pre-existing depressive episodes and thoughts of suicide in some users. Long-Term Side Effects of Phenobarbital Abuse As for the adverse long-term effects of phenobarbital abuse, addiction as a whole can ultimately be ... continue reading
  • Effects of Amphetamine Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Are Amphetamines Used For? While amphetamines have clinical use, their potential for abuse and dependency is high. Legitimate use may turn into addiction. Amphetamines such as Adderall and non-amphetamine stimulants like Ritalin are gaining in ...

    ... elicit a number of dire health consequences, such as fatal cardiac arrhythmias . Long-Term Effects of Amphetamines Long-term and heavy amphetamine use brings upon: Paranoia. Hallucinations. Violent behavior. Cravings for ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Norco Use: Short-Term, Long-Term, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Norco Used For? Norco is a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone —an opiate pain medication. It is intended to relieve moderate to severe pain. Because Norco contains the narcotic hydrocodone, it can be addictive and should be used ...

    ... abusers actively combine these medications, unaware of the dangers that may result. Norco Long-Term Effects The most notable long-term effect of Norco abuse is addiction , which is being reported at an increasing rate ... continue reading
  • Effects of Roxicodone Addiction

    Roxicodone (“Roxy”) is one available brand version of oxycodone—a powerful semi-synthetic opioid painkiller. 1,2 The medicinal effect of opioids like oxycodone is brought on by a change in the way the brain and body respond to pain. Rather ...

    ... program today. Oxy's Short-Term Effects The primary short-term effect of Roxicodone, like other prescription opioids ... abstinence syndrome). There is also evidence linking long-term opioid abuse to brain damage. 7 The ... continue reading
  • Spice Abuse Signs, Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is Spice? “Spice” is a term commonly used to refer to a blend of dried plant material that is laced with a synthetic cannabinoid. It is also regularly referred to as “synthetic marijuana.” Other names include “K2,” “Moon Rocks,” ...

    ... teen is abusing this drug, take the time to talk with them about the risks and potential long-term effects of Spice. Spice Abuse Treatment Types Treatment associated with the abuse of Spice includes medications and other ... continue reading
  • Health Effects of Drug Misuse and Addiction

    Substance misuse and addiction can have serious short- and long-term effects. 1 The physical effects of drugs and alcohol vary according to the type of substance, duration of use, and method of administration. 1 Recovering from addiction can be a ...

    ... constipation, or lung complications. 7 Other opioids have similar side effect profiles with misuse. 8 Long-Term Health Effects of Drug Misuse Repeated long-term use of drugs or alcohol can have a variety of negative ... continue reading
  • Tussionex Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Treatment

    What Is Tussionex? Tussionex is a prescription medication that includes a combination of chlorpheniramine—an antihistamine 1 —and the opioid painkiller hydrocodone . It is prescribed to treat respiratory symptoms—such as coughs—related to ...

    ... requiring more of the drug to achieve the desired effect or high. Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when Tussionex use is ... and make decisions. 6 Other potential long-term effects of Tussionex or Tussicaps abuse include: ... continue reading
  • Effects of Smoking Marijuana While Pregnant and How to Quit Weed Smoking Weed

    Effects of Marijuana on a Developing Fetus Although marijuana is one of the most widely used illicit drugs, there is limited data on the prevalence of marijuana use among pregnant women. One report estimated marijuana use during pregnancy to be ...

    ... that marijuana use during pregnancy can alter the course of normal brain development, 9 the long-term effects of human intrauterine exposure to marijuana is poorly understood. 10 The active ingredient in marijuana ... continue reading
  • Opioids: Side Effects, Signs of Abuse, and Addiction Treatment

    Opioids are substances that are known for their pain-relieving effects. They include both legal and some illegal substances that may have the potential for misuse, which can potentially lead to dependence and/or addiction. 1 If you or someone you ...

    ... , can create a rewarding sense of euphoria. This effect can make a person want to repeat the experience that ... coma, or death due to a lack of oxygen. Long-term effects of opioid use can include: 14 An increased risk of ... continue reading
  • Side Effects of Morphine Misuse and Addiction

    Morphine is an opioid painkiller that is prescribed for the management of severe pain (trauma, surgical and cancer related pain) where alternative treatment is not adequate to control pain. 1,2 Morphine can be used safely and effectively for pain ...

    ... current dosage of morphine and no longer receives the same benefit or effect requiring more of the drug to achieve ... Some of the more severe and life-threatening long-term effects of morphine use include: Risk of seizures, ... continue reading
  • The Dangerous (and Deadly) Effects of Spice

    Natural ingredients, legal use, lower cost…it must be healthy, right? The deadly misconception above has led to a growing number of fatalities brought on by synthetic or “designer” drugs. Use of synthetic marijuana - sold under names like ...

    ... or psychotic symptoms produced by cannabis. Due to these characteristics, Spice can have long-term effects on the brain. Side effects of Spice can include: Hallucinations Vomiting Confusion and Paranoia Rapid heart rate ... continue reading
  • OxyContin Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is OxyContin Used For? OxyContin is a branded formulation of the powerful opioid painkiller oxycodone . It is prescribed to manage cases of moderate-to-severe pain. When taken as directed, it is a safe and effective medication, and it has ...

    ... If you're concerned about yourself or someone you care about, don't wait to get help. Long-Term Effects of OxyContin Use There are various long-term effects of OxyContin use . According to the DSM-5, the following social ... continue reading
  • Steroid Abuse Side Effects, Signs, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is a Steroid? Steroids are lifesavers in many situations. For example, corticosteroids open up the lungs to allow for increased breathing during asthma attacks. However, there are different types of steroids. Some steroids can be incredibly ...

    ... lead to increased body hair and menstrual irregularities . It can also permanently deepen the voice. Long-term effects of steroid use for both sexes include increases in cholesterol and elevated blood pressure . Steroid ... continue reading
  • Effects of Marijuana on Breast Milk and Smoking Weed While Breastfeeding

    Cannabis (also called marijuana or 'weed') is the most commonly used drug during pregnancy. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 78,000 pregnant women reported past-month marijuana use. 1 While many feel that smoking weed ...

    ... do not establish a clear cause and effect relationship between marijuana exposure during lactation and ... are no human studies that have investigated the long-term effects of drug exposure through a mother's breast milk ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Painkiller Use

    A painkiller can be any one of a number of drugs, from over-the-counter (OTC) medications like Tylenol, ibuprofen, and aspirin, to prescribed drugs like oxycodone, codeine, morphine, Vicodin, and hydrocodone. All painkillers carry risks—even OTC ...

    ... lupus—as they can decrease inflammation, as well as reduce fever. 12 Long-term use of certain NSAIDs can lead to side effects including stomach problems, kidney problems, high blood pressure, fluid retention, and other ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Percocet Use

    Is Percocet Harmful? When abused, Percocet can be quite harmful. Percocet is the brand name of a narcotic pain reliever containing a combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen (Tylenol) that is used to treat moderate to severe pain. The short-term ...

    ... increase in the use of this drug in patients with chronic (long-term) pain since the 1990s. Both oxycodone and acetaminophen have long-term effects that need to be carefully monitored by a doctor in patients taking ... continue reading
  • Adverse Effects of Tramadol Use

    Tramadol is a synthetic opioid that is prescribed for managing pain. 1 Tramadol is a somewhat atypical painkiller due to its activity within noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, in addition to its effects as a weak opioid ...

    ... coma, and death. 2 There are both long-term effects of tramadol use and short-term effects, so adverse effects can be both short term and lasting. Tramadol Dependence Long-term use or misuse of opioids like tramadol may ... continue reading
  • Percocet Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    Since the mid-1990s, rates of prescription drug abuse have skyrocketed. Today, the widespread abuse of prescription medication—whether this involves opioid painkillers, sedatives, or stimulants—is being recognized as a serious national health ...

    ... like Percocet and how to stay safe when prescribed one of these drugs. Credit: Consumer Reports Long-Term Side Effects of Percocet Abuse Percocet abuse can lead to dependence and addiction . As a person struggles with ... continue reading
  • Alcohol Effects on Teeth: Alcohol Can Wreck Your Smile

    People who consume alcohol excessively and regularly are at great risk of developing tooth decay and periodontal disease. Even having a few drinks regularly can begin to break down the enamel on teeth. Alcohol and Tooth Decay The process goes like ...

    ... how to take care of myself emotionally again, as well,” says Lisa. Learn more about the short- and long-term effects of alcohol abuse . Find Treatment for Alcohol Misuse If you or a loved one is struggling with alcohol ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Fentanyl Use

    Is Fentanyl Dangerous? Fentanyl may be administered through: Patches. Oral or nasal spray. Lollipops (a 'troche' or lozenge with a stick handle). Injection. Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid analgesic - excellent for controlling serious pain, ...

    ... . Doing so increases the intensity of the side effects and can throw the user over the line into overdose. Long-term Effects of Fentanyl Some long-term psychosocial effects of Fentanyl abuse may be showing signs of poor ... continue reading
  • The Effects of Carisoprodol Use

    Carisoprodol, sold under the trade names Soma and Vanadom, is a muscle relaxant that acts as a strong sedative. The drug is often prescribed clinically for the relief of muscle pain and is typically recommended for use only on a short-term basis. Is ...

    ... with other opiates, health officials often refer to the long-term effects of those drugs when looking at the long-term effects of carisoprodol use. Long-term opiate use raises the risk of overdose and can permanently ... continue reading
  • 5 Psychological Side Effects of Percocet

    Percocet is a combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone, landing this medication in a family of drugs known as opioids . They're commonly prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain and work by blocking the pain signals sent to your brain. Percocet ...

    ... , nausea, headache, dizziness and dry mouth. Danger Ahead: Side Effects of Percocet Long-term use or abuse of Percocet has many adverse side effects . Among them are serious psychological problems that can include ... continue reading
  • What Is Crack Cocaine? Side Effects, Crack Withdrawal, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is Crack Cocaine? Crack cocaine is an addictive stimulant drug that is the rock crystal form of powdered cocaine. 1,2,5 Crack cocaine is a more potent form of cocaine that is processed so that it can be smoked, which provides an immediate high. ...

    ... , and a sense of grandiosity. 2,8 There are a range of physical and mental health effects associated with short-term and long-term crack cocaine use, including: 2,6,8,10 Abnormal heart rhythms. Anxiety or panic attacks ... continue reading
  • Naltrexone for Addiction Treatment: Side Effects and Rehabilitation

    Successful addiction treatment can be life-changing, and medication for addiction treatment (MAT) is an effective tool that can promote both abstinence and long-term recovery. Naltrexone is one medication in the MAT armamentarium that is highly ...

    ... today, there are no identified health risks associated with long-term use of naltrexone. 1 Naltrexone Precautions To avoid a heightened risk of adverse effects while taking naltrexone, you should not drink alcohol, take ... continue reading
  • Flexeril Abuse Side Effects, Symptoms, and Addiction Treatment

    What Is Flexeril? Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine) is a central nervous system (CNS) muscle relaxant commonly prescribed as short-term treatment for muscle injuries, pain, spasms, and tenderness. When it is taken as prescribed, Flexeril's side effects are ...

    ... , pain, spasms, and tenderness. When it is taken as prescribed, Flexeril's side effects are minimal and there are few long-term risks. The Drug Enforcement Administration does not currently list Flexeril as a controlled ... continue reading
  • Side Effects of Tussionex Abuse

    Tussionex, a prescription cough medicine, contains a mixture of hydrocodone (an opioid pain reliever) and chlorpheniramine (an antihistamine). In 2008, the FDA issued an alert regarding the dangers of misusing Tussionex, stating that abusing it can ...

    ... of the drug taken to achieve the desired effect. The repeated increase in doses of Tussionex used ... long-term maintenance and may be given in combination with naloxone (as Suboxone). Naltrexone: Blocks the euphoric effects ... continue reading
  • Side Effects of Librium Use, Withdrawal and Addiction Treatment

    What Is Librium Used For? Librium—which is a brand name formulation of chlordiazepoxide—belongs to a class of sedative medications known as benzodiazepines. Librium has been widely used as a treatment for anxiety and for managing the symptoms of ...

    ... misuse or abuse can lead to the following long-term effects: Physical drug dependence : Physical dependence develops due ... who do not misuse the drug and is a normal effect of continued use of any drug, it can be a ... continue reading
  • Meth Abuse Signs, Symptoms, Effects, and Treatment

    Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant often abused for the euphoric “high” it provides. Some signs of meth abuse include frequent paranoia, agitation, sweating, insomnia, skin changes, weight loss, and more. Abusing this powerfully addictive drug ...

    ... Abuse Crystal meth use can lead to many detrimental physical and mental effects over time. Some of the most common long-term side effects of methamphetamine abuse include: Damage to brain cells (neurotoxicity). Paranoia ... continue reading
  • Inhalant Abuse Symptoms, Side Effects, and Addiction Treatment

    What Are Inhalants? Inhalants are substances that people inhale to try and get intoxicated. Just one use can be very dangerous and can present severe health problems. 1 Substances like solvents and aerosols can be volatile. It's more common for ...

    ... . Lack of coordination. Irritability. Long- and Short-Term Effects of Inhalant Abuse The long-term effects of inhalant use can be severe. Brain damage is the primary effect because inhalants quickly penetrate the blood ... continue reading
  • Prescription Opioid Addiction: Pain Medication Side Effects and Treatment

    What Are Prescription Painkillers? Prescription painkillers are medications used to treat moderate-to-severe pain after surgery or injury and specific medical conditions like cancer. 1 Prescription opioids have also become increasingly accepted as ...

    ... effect. Prescription opioids also increase the activity of dopamine in the brain, which can cause a reinforcing, euphoric high. 2,3,4,5,7,9 Prescription opioids can produce other short- and long-term health effects ... continue reading
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